Adaptation is an essential feature of auditory neurons, which reduces their responses to
unchanging and recurring sounds and allows their response properties to be matched to the …

The development of positioning systems has been significantly advanced by a combination
of technological innovations, such as improved sensors, signal processing, and …

Physiological and anatomical studies have suggested that alligators have unique
adaptations for spatial hearing. Sound localization cues are primarily generated by the …

The activity of sensory neural populations carries information about the environment. This
may be extracted from neural activity using different strategies. In the auditory brainstem, a …

Background When sound arrives at the eardrum it has already been filtered by the body,
head, and outer ear. This process is mathematically described by the head-related transfer …

Sound localization can be defined as the ability to identify the position of an input sound
source and is considered a powerful aspect of mammalian perception. For low frequency …

There are three main cues to sound location: the interaural differences in time (ITD) and
level (ILD) as well as the monaural spectral shape cues. These cues are generated by the …

Accurate orientation to sound under challenging conditions requires auditory cortex, but it is
unclear how spatial attributes of the auditory scene are represented at this level. Current …

In this paper, a spiking neural network (SNN) architecture to simulate the sound localization
ability of the mammalian auditory pathways using the interaural intensity difference cue is …

There are three main acoustical cues to sound location, each attributable to space-and
frequency-dependent filtering of the propagating sound waves by the outer ears, head, and …