During Parkinson's disease (PD), both the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral
nervous system (PNS) are affected. In parallel, innate immune cells respond early to …

While inflammation may not be the cause of disease, it is well known that it contributes to
disease pathogenesis across a multitude of peripheral and central nervous system …

Background Sargramostim [recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-
stimulating factor (rhu GM-CSF)] was approved by US FDA in 1991 to accelerate bone …

Inflammation is a pathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD). Chronic pro-
inflammatory responses contribute to the loss of neurons in the neurodegenerative process …

Background The clinical utility and safety of sargramostim has previously been reported in
cancer, acute radiation syndrome, autoimmune disease, inflammatory conditions, and …

Background Neuroinflammation plays a pathogenic role in Parkinson's disease (PD).
Immunotherapies that restore brain homeostasis can mitigate neurodegeneration by …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder that manifests as motor
and nonmotor symptoms due to the selective loss of midbrain DArgic (DA) neurons. More …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease characterized by
progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the aggregation of …

Dysregulation of innate and adaptive immunity can lead to alpha-synuclein (α-syn)
misfolding, aggregation, and post-translational modifications in Parkinson's disease (PD) …

Synucleinopathies are a group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by pathologic
aggregates of neural and glial α-synuclein (α-syn) in the form of Lewy bodies (LBs), Lewy …