Automated question answering has been a topic of research and development since the
earliest AI applications. Computing power has increased since the first such systems were …

Handbook of Knowledge Representation describes the essential foundations of Knowledge
Representation, which lies at the core of Artificial Intelligence (AI). The book provides an up …

The TREC-8 Question Answering (QA) Track was the first large-scale evaluation of domain-
independent question answering systems. In addition to fostering research on the QA task …

Researchers in the ontology-design field have developed the content for ontologies in many
domain areas. Recently, ontologies have become increasingly common on the World-Wide …

After entering the big data era, a new term ofbig knowledge'has been coined to deal with
challenges in mining a mass of knowledge from big data. While researchers used to explore …

Large-scale ontologies are becoming an essential component of many applications
including standard search (such as Yahoo and Lycos), ecommerce (such as Amazon and …

Time, as a phenomenon, has been in the focus of scientific thought from ancient times. It
continues to be an important subject of research in many disciplines due to its importance as …

The Text REtrieval Conference (TREC) question answering track is an effort to bring the
benefits of large-scale evaluation to bear on a question answering (QA) task. The track has …

Recent years have seen rapid progress in the development of ontologies as semantic
models intended to capture and represent aspects of the real world. There is, however, great …

As researchers in the ontology-design field develop the content of a growing number of
ontologies, the need for sharing and reusing this body of knowledge becomes increasingly …