Reef-building corals harbour an astonishing diversity of microorganisms, including
endosymbiotic microalgae, bacteria, archaea, and fungi. The metabolic interactions within …

Chlorophyll a fluorescence is increasingly being used as a rapid, non-invasive, sensitive
and convenient indicator of photosynthetic performance in marine autotrophs. This review …

Coral reefs across the world have been seriously degraded and have a bleak future in
response to predicted global warming and ocean acidification (OA). However, this is not the …

Bioerosion, involving the weakening and breakdown of calcareous coral reef structures, is
due to the chemical and mechanical activities of numerous and diverse biotic agents. These …

Coral reefs face multiple anthropogenic threats, from pollution and overfishing to the dual
effects of greenhouse gas emissions: rising sea temperature and ocean acidification [1] …

With rubble predicted to increase on coral reefs worldwide, we review the physical,
biological, and ecological dynamics of rubble beds, with a focus on how rubble generation …

Coral reef declines have been recorded for all major tropical ocean basins since the 1980s,
averaging approximately 30-50% reductions in reef cover globally. These losses are a result …

In response to multiple stressors, coral reef health has declined in recent decades, with reefs
exhibiting reduced living coral and structural complexity, and a concomitant rise in the …

Herbivory is a key process on coral reefs that can facilitate reef-building corals by excluding
algae that otherwise negatively impact coral settlement, growth, and survivorship. Over the …

Coral reefs provide critical services to coastal communities, and these services rely on
ecosystem functions threatened by stressors. By summarizing the threats to the functioning …