Superoxide is a primary oxygen radical that is produced when an oxygen molecule receives
one electron. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) plays a primary role in the cellular defense …

During aging and after traumatic injuries, cartilage and bone cells are exposed to various
pathophysiologic mediators, including reactive oxygen species (ROS), damage-associated …

Aging is the greatest risk factor for a multitude of diseases including cardiovascular disease,
neurodegeneration and cancer. Despite decades of research dedicated to understanding …

Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death and reduced quality of life, proven by
the latest data of the Global Burden of Disease Study, and is only gaining in prevalence …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive chemical species containing oxygen,
controlled by both enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant defense systems. In the heart …

Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are universal enzymes of organisms that live in the
presence of oxygen. They catalyze the conversion of superoxide into oxygen and hydrogen …

Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are metalloenzymes that play a major role in antioxidant
defense against oxidative stress in the body. SOD supplementation may therefore trigger the …

The human brain consumes 20% of the total basal oxygen (O 2) budget to support ATP
intensive neuronal activity. Without sufficient O 2 to support ATP demands, neuronal activity …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains a worldwide public health problem associated with
serious complications and increased mortality rates. Accumulating evidence indicates that …

Redox equilibria and the modulation of redox signalling play crucial roles in physiological
processes. Overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) disrupts the body's antioxidant …