Physiology, signaling, and pharmacology of galanin peptides and receptors: three decades of emerging diversity

R Lang, AL Gundlach, FE Holmes, SA Hobson… - Pharmacological …, 2015‏ - Elsevier
Galanin was first identified 30 years ago as a" classic neuropeptide," with actions primarily
as a modulator of neurotransmission in the brain and peripheral nervous system. Other …

Functions of galanin, spexin and kisspeptin in metabolism, mood and behaviour

EG Mills, C Izzi-Engbeaya, A Abbara… - Nature Reviews …, 2021‏ - nature.com
The bioactive peptides galanin, spexin and kisspeptin have a common ancestral origin and
their pathophysiological roles are increasingly the subject of investigation. Evidence …

[PDF][PDF] Serum levels of spexin and kisspeptin negatively correlate with obesity and insulin resistance in women

PA Kołodziejski, E Pruszyńska-Oszmałek… - Physiological …, 2018‏ - biomed.cas.cz
Spexin (SPX) and kisspeptin (KISS) are novel peptides relevant in the context of regulation
of metabolism, food intake, puberty and reproduction. Here, we studied changes of serum …

[HTML][HTML] Spexin peptide is expressed in human endocrine and epithelial tissues and reduced after glucose load in type 2 diabetes

L Gu, Y Ma, M Gu, Y Zhang, S Yan, N Li, Y Wang… - Peptides, 2015‏ - Elsevier
Spexin mRNA and protein are widely expressed in rat tissues and associate with weight loss
in rodents of diet-induced obesity. Its location in endocrine and epithelial cells has also been …

Adipose–Muscle crosstalk in age-related metabolic disorders: The emerging roles of adipo-myokines

P Fang, Y She, M Yu, W Min, W Shang… - Ageing Research Reviews, 2023‏ - Elsevier
Obesity and type 2 diabetes account for a considerable proportion of the global burden of
age-related metabolic diseases. In age-related metabolic diseases, tissue crosstalk and …

Neuropeptide and small transmitter coexistence: fundamental studies and relevance to mental illness

T Hökfelt, S Barde, ZQD Xu, E Kuteeva… - Frontiers in neural …, 2018‏ - frontiersin.org
Neuropeptides are auxiliary messenger molecules that always co-exist in nerve cells with
one or more small molecule (classic) neurotransmitters. Neuropeptides act both as …

Spexin inhibits excessive autophagy‐induced ferroptosis to alleviate doxorubicin‐induced cardiotoxicity by upregulating Beclin 1

W Ou, H Liu, C Chen, C Yang, X Zhao… - British Journal of …, 2024‏ - Wiley Online Library
Abstract Background and Purpose Doxorubicin is widely used in the treatment of malignant
tumours, but doxorubicin‐induced cardiotoxicity severely limits its clinical application …

[HTML][HTML] 30-Day spexin treatment of mice with diet-induced obesity (DIO) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) increases insulin sensitivity, improves liver functions and …

PA Kolodziejski, N Leciejewska, A Chmurzynska… - Molecular and Cellular …, 2021‏ - Elsevier
Spexin (SPX) is a 14 aa peptide discovered in 2007 using bioinformatics methods. SPX
inhibits food intake and regulates lipid, and carbohydrate metabolism. Here, we evaluate the …

Description and functional validation of human enteroendocrine cell sensors

J Beumer, MH Geurts, V Geurts, A Andersson-Rolf… - Science, 2024‏ - science.org
Enteroendocrine cells (EECs) are gut epithelial cells that respond to intestinal contents by
secreting hormones, including the incretins glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and gastric …

Molecular basis for allosteric agonism and G protein subtype selectivity of galanin receptors

J Duan, DD Shen, T Zhao, S Guo, X He, W Yin… - Nature …, 2022‏ - nature.com
Peptide hormones and neuropeptides are complex signaling molecules that predominately
function through G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Two unanswered questions …