The production of unisexual flowers has evolved numerous times in dioecious and
monoecious plant taxa. Based on repeated evolutionary origins, a great variety of …

Sex chromosomes have evolved in many plant species with separate sexes. Current plant
research is shifting from examining the structure of sex chromosomes to exploring their …

Sex chromosomes are particularly interesting regions of the genome for both molecular
genetics and evolutionary studies; yet, for most species, we lack basic information, such as …

Background Evolution of unisexual flowers entails one of the most extreme changes in plant
development. Cultivated spinach, Spinacia oleracea L., is uniquely suited for the study of …

Sex chromosomes have evolved in many plant species with separate sexes. Current plant
research is shifting from examining the structure of sex chromosomes to exploring their …

Background The evolution of sex chromosomes is often accompanied by gene or
chromosome rearrangements. Recently, the gene AP3 was characterized in the dioecious …

We combine data from published marker genoty** of three sets of S. latifolia Y
chromosome deletion mutants with changed sex phenotypes and add genotypes for several …

Introduction Plants undergo various natural changes that dramatically modify their genomes.
One is polyploidization and the second is hybridization. Both are regarded as key factors in …

Silene latifolia is a model plant for studies of the early steps of sex chromosome evolution. In
comparison to mammalian sex chromosomes that evolved 300 mya, sex chromosomes of S …

Understanding the origin and evolution of sex chromosomes requires studying recently
evolved X–Y chromosome systems such as those in some flowering plants. We describe Y …