Structured light carrying optical vortices have gained significant attention in information
security as they offer high-dimensional orthogonal states for encoding. These states are …

An optical vortex beam carrying fractional topological charge (TC) has become an
immerging field of interest due to its unique intensity distribution and fractional phase front in …

We demonstrate, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, the direct generation of
higher-order Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) petal modes, formed of the coherent superposition of …

Because images are vulnerable to external attacks in the process of network transmission
and traditional image encryption algorithms have limitations such as long encryption time …

In recent years, optical information processing has become increasingly important due to its
ability to handle large amounts of data efficiently. Amplitude, phase, spatial frequency …

Structured light, light tailored in its internal degrees of freedom, has become topical in
numerous quantum and classical information processing protocols. In this work, we harness …

Optical vortices carrying orbital angular momentum have drawn much attention because
they provide high-dimensional encoding. Employing an array of optical vortices, we …

In this paper, we have realized the high purity non-diffracting optical vortex arrays with a
high topological charge using quasi-symmetrical plane waves for the first time. The …

Phase singularities in optical fields are associated with a non-vanishing curl component of
phase gradients. Huygen's diverging spherical wavefronts that primary/secondary point …

In recent years, optical information processing has become increasingly important due to its
ability to handle large amounts of data efficiently. Amplitude, phase, spatial frequency …