Plasmas consisting exclusively of particles with a single sign of charge (eg, pure electron
plasmas and pure ion plasmas) can be confined by static electric and magnetic fields (in a …

As a consequence of Liouville's theorem, the momentum spread and the emittance in
charged-particle beams cannot be reduced by means of ion optics. This limits the number of …

Edited by internationally recognized authorities in the field, this expanded and updated new
edition of the bestselling Handbook, containing many new articles, is aimed at the design …

Uranium–thorium ages obtained by mass spectrometry from corals raised off the island of
Barbados confirm the high precision of this technique over at least the past 30,000 years …

A nonneutral plasma is a many-body collection of charged particles in which there is not
overall charge neutrality. The diverse areas of application of nonneutral plasmas include …

Over the last quarter of this century, revolutionary advances have been made both in kind
and in precision in the application of particle traps to the study of thephysics of charged …

We observe small numbers of laser-cooled Hg+ ions, which are confined in a Paul radio-
frequency ion trap, to crystallize into regular arrays or clusters. We investigate the structure …

We present recent experimental and theoretical results on the behavior of two-, three-, and
four-ion crystals close to the Mathieu instability. In particular, we show that the crystals are …

Crystalline, confined ionic systems exhibit well defined phase transitions as a function of the
anisotropy of the confining potential. The transitions from one to two dimensions, from two to …

THE possibility of creating ordered ion beams in high-energy storage rings1, 2 by means of
electron and laser cooling has opened up a new era in accelerator physics. The enhanced …