Plant cells build nanofibrillar walls that are central to plant growth, morphogenesis and
mechanics. Starting from simple sugars, three groups of polysaccharides, namely, cellulose …

At the center of cell biology is our ability to image the cell and its various components, either
in isolation or within an organism. Given its importance, biological imaging has emerged as …

Morphogenesis requires the coordination of cellular behaviors along developmental axes. In
plants, gradients of growth and differentiation are typically established along a single …

Developmental boundaries play an important role in coordinating the growth and patterning
of lateral organs. In plants, specification of dorsiventrality is critical to leaf morphogenesis …

Plant cell walls constitute the extracellular matrix surrounding plant cells and are composed
mainly of polysaccharides. The chemical makeup of the primary plant cell wall, and …

As scientists, we are at least as excited about the open questions—the things we do not
know—as the discoveries. Here, we asked 15 experts to describe the most compelling open …

The ability to sense and respond to physical forces is critical for the proper function of cells,
tissues, and organisms across the evolutionary tree. Plants sense gravity, osmotic …

Plants produce a rich diversity of biological forms, and the diversity of leaves is especially
notable. Mechanisms of leaf morphogenesis have been studied in the past two decades …

In multicellular organisms, tissue outgrowth creates a new water sink, modifying local
hydraulic patterns. Although water fluxes are often considered passive by-products of …

The primary plant cell wall is a dynamically regulated composite material of multiple
biopolymers that forms a scaffold enclosing the plant cells. The mechanochemical make-up …