Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease
worldwide. NAFLD stages range from simple steatosis (NAFL) to non-alcoholic …

Obesity is a chronic, relapsing condition characterized by excess body fat. Its prevalence
has increased globally since the 1970s, and the number of obese and overweight people is …

Palmitic acid is a saturated fatty acid whose blood concentration is elevated in obese
patients. This causes inflammatory responses, where toll-like receptors (TLR), TLR2 and …

The interaction between host and microorganism widely affects the immune and metabolic
status. Indole and its derivatives are metabolites produced by the metabolism of tryptophan …

CD36, a scavenger receptor expressed in multiple cell types, mediates lipid uptake,
immunological recognition, inflammation, molecular adhesion, and apoptosis. CD36 is a …

The multifunctional membrane glycoprotein CD36 is expressed in different types of cells and
plays a key regulatory role in cellular lipid metabolism, especially in cardiac muscle. CD36 …

CD36, located on the cell membrane, transports fatty acids in response to dietary fat. It is a
critical fatty acid sensor and regulator of lipid metabolism. The interaction between CD36 …

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an increasing global public health burden.
NAFLD is strongly associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity and cardiovascular …

Bile acids are the end products of cholesterol catabolism. Hepatic bile acid synthesis
accounts for a major fraction of daily cholesterol turnover in humans. Biliary secretion of bile …

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is the most prevalent type of chronic liver disease with
significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. ALD begins with simple hepatic steatosis and …