The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and TNF receptor (TNFR) superfamilies (TNFSF/TNFRSF)
include 19 ligands and 29 receptors that play important roles in the modulation of cellular …

Cytokines have a crucial role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs),
such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, where they control multiple aspects of the …

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic intestinal inflammatory disorder with an
unknown etiology. IBD is composed of two different disease entities: Crohn's disease (CD) …

The intestinal epithelium constitutes an indispensable single-layered barrier to protect the
body from invading pathogens, antigens or toxins. At the same time, beneficial nutrients and …

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a key mediator in the inflammatory response which is
implicated in the onset of a number of diseases. Research on TNF led to the characterization …

Anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antibodies are successfully used in the therapy of
inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). However, the molecular mechanism of action of these …

Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors for Inflammatory Bowel Disease | New England Journal of
Medicine Skip to main content The New England Journal of Medicine homepage Advanced …

Azathioprine and its metabolite 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) are immunosuppressive drugs that
are used in organ transplantation and autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases such …

Although drug development has advanced for autoimmune diseases, many current
therapies are hampered by adverse effects and the frequent destruction or inactivation of …

Objective Anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) antibodies are successfully used for treatment of
Crohn's disease. Nevertheless, approximately 40% of patients display failure to anti-TNF …