Genomic analysis of many nonmodel species has uncovered an incredible diversity of sex
chromosome systems, making it possible to empirically test the rich body of evolutionary …

Among dioecious flowering plants, females and males often differ in a range of
morphological, physiological, and life-history traits. This is referred to as sexual dimorphism …

Current theory proposes that degenerated sex chromosomes—such as the mammalian Y—
evolve through three steps:(i) recombination arrest, linking male-beneficial alleles to the Y …

Snakes exhibit genetic sex determination, with female heterogametic sex chromosomes (ZZ
males, ZW females). Extensive cytogenetic work has suggested that the level of sex …

Differentiated sex chromosomes in mammals and other vertebrates evolved independently
but in strikingly similar ways. Vertebrates with differentiated sex chromosomes share the …

Many separate-sexed organisms have sex chromosomes controlling sex determination. Sex
chromosomes often have reduced recombination, specialized (frequently sex-specific) gene …

Summary White campion (Silene latifolia, Caryophyllaceae) was the first vascular plant
where sex chromosomes were discovered. This species is a classic model for studies on …

Differentiated sex chromosomes evolved because of suppressed recombination once sex
became genetically controlled. In XX/XY and ZZ/ZW systems, the heterogametic sex became …

A major reason for studying plant sex chromosomes is that they may often be
'young'systems. There is considerable evidence for the independent evolution of separate …

Sex chromosomes evolve once recombination is halted between a homologous pair of
chromosomes. The dominant model of sex chromosome evolution posits that recombination …