An energy management strategy (EMS) is responsible for distributing the power between the
electrochemical power sources of a fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle (FCHEV) with a view to …

One of the recently suggested solutions for enhancing the fuel economy and lifetime in a fuel
cell (FC) hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is the use of a multi-stack (MS) structure for the FC …

We are currently immersed in the fourth industrial revolution, which involves, among others,
technology to prevent climate change, transformation of the transport sector, digitization, and …

The use of multiple low-power fuel cells (FCs), instead of a high-power one, in the
powertrain of a FC-hybrid electric vehicle (FC-HEV) has recently received considerable …

The energy distribution and conversion between the fuel cell (FC) and the battery are
realized by the powertrain in fuel cell vehicles (FCVs). In this study, the cost and efficiency of …

High operating cost and deficient longevity of stacks are the two primary factors that hinder
the widespread commercial usage of fuel cell (FC) technology. In addition, most existing …

State of charge (SOC) of ultracapacitor plays an important role in the energy management
optimization of hybrid energy storage system for electric vehicles. In addition to the …

In the study, a comprehensive transient fuel cell-battery hybrid power system model is
established to explore the output performances and dynamic responses of fuel cell electric …

The aging of supercapacitors (SCs) depends on several factors, with temperature being one
of the most important. When this is high, degradation of the electrolyte occurs. The impurities …

The traditional control strategy for hydrogen-battery hybrid system is challenging to achieve
an efficient operation in the entire power area and suppress transient DC bus voltage …