Protocols of systematic reviews and meta-analyses allow for planning and documentation of
review methods, act as a guard against arbitrary decision making during review conduct …

Background Clinical research affecting how doctors practice medicine is increasingly
sponsored by companies that make drugs and medical devices. Previous systematic …

High quality protocols facilitate proper conduct, reporting, and external review of clinical
trials. However, the completeness of trial protocols is often inadequate. To help improve the …

Background Systematic reviews (SRs) can help decision makers interpret the deluge of
published biomedical literature. However, a SR may be of limited use if the methods used to …

The methods and results of health research are documented in study protocols, full study
reports (detailing all analyses), journal reports, and participant-level datasets. However …

Sažetak Studies with positive results are greatly more represented in literature than studies
with negative results, producing so-called publication bias. This review aims to discuss …

AP value, or the magnitude or direction of results can influence decisions about whether,
when, and how research findings are disseminated. Regardless of whether an entire study …

Importance Many investigational drugs fail in late-stage clinical development. A better
understanding of why investigational drugs fail can inform clinical practice, regulatory …

Clinical research should ultimately improve patient care. For this to be possible, trials must
evaluate outcomes that genuinely reflect real-world settings and concerns. However, many …

Background Discrepancies between pre-specified and reported outcomes are an important
source of bias in trials. Despite legislation, guidelines and public commitments on correct …