Biomaterials made from proteins, polysaccharides, and synthetic biopolymers are preferred
but lack the mechanical properties and stability in aqueous environments necessary for …

The regeneration of 3D tissue constructs with clinically relevant sizes, structures, and
hierarchical organizations for translational tissue engineering remains challenging. 3D …

Introduction: Develo** in vitro models for studying cell biology and cell physiology is of
great importance to the fields of biotechnology, cancer research, drug discovery, toxicity …

Backgroud Tissue engineering using cells, scaffolds, and bioactive molecules can promote
the repair and regeneration of injured tissues. Copper is an essential element for the human …

Articular cartilage injury is a frequent worldwide disease, while effective treatment is urgently
needed. Due to lack of blood vessels and nerves, the ability of cartilage to self-repair is …

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease of the connective tissue and progresses with
age in the older population or develops in young athletes following sports-related injury. The …

Due to a blood supply shortage, articular cartilage has a limited capacity for self-healing
once damaged. Articular chondrocytes, cartilage progenitor cells, embryonic stem cells, and …

Despite its natural healing potential, bone is unable to regenerate sufficient tissue within
critical‐sized defects, resulting in a non‐union of bone ends. As a consequence …

Due to the sophisticated hierarchical structure and limited reparability of articular cartilage
(AC), the ideal regeneration of AC defects has been a major challenge in the field of …

The molecular mechanisms of mechanotransduction in regulating mesenchymal stem cell
(MSC) chondrogenesis are not fully understood and represent an area of growing …