Heart failure (HF) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Circulating
biomarkers reflecting pathophysiological pathways involved in HF development and …

In patients with heart failure, plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), B-type
natriuretic peptide (BNP), and the N-terminal fragments of their prohormones (N-ANP and N …

Guidelines and Expert Consensus Documents produced by Task Forces, expert groups, or
consensus panels. The chosen experts in these writing panels are asked to provide …

Congestive heart failure is accompanied by increased cardiac brain natriuretic peptide
(BNP) gene expression with elevated plasma concentrations of BNP and its precursor …

Background: The pathophysiologic and clinical relevance of cardiac natriuretic hormone
(CNH) assays has been investigated in numerous experimental and clinical studies. Authors …

Background and aims: Cardiac dysfunction may be present in patients with cirrhosis. This
study was undertaken to relate plasma concentrations of cardiac peptides reflecting early …

Natriuretic peptides (NPs) are a group of peptide-hormones mainly secreted from the heart,
signaling via c-GMP coupled receptors. NP are well known for their renal and cardiovascular …

Many studies have shown that the B‐type natriuretic peptides (BNP and NT‐proBNP) are
proven diagnostic markers for heart failure due to left ventricular systolic dysfunction. The …

Objective To review the physiological changes in fluid and electrolytes that occur in aging.
Data Sources Data collected for this review were identified from a MEDLINE database …

Heart failure is becoming an increasing concern to healthcare worldwide. It is the only
cardiovascular disorder that continues to increase in both prevalence and incidence, and as …