Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and its isoenzymes reflect bone metabolism: ALP
increases the ratio of inorganic phosphate to pyrophosphate systemically and facilitates …

Bone metabolism consists of a balance between bone formation and bone resorption, which
is mediated by osteoblast and osteoclast activity, respectively. In order to ensure bone …

Rickets refers to a deficient mineralization of the growth plate cartilage, predominantly
affecting longer bones. Despite the fact that preventive measures are available, it is still a …

The definition of “Vitamin D” encompasses a group of fat-soluble steroid compounds of
different origins with similar chemical structures and the same biological effects. Vitamin D …

Here, we discuss the management of different forms of rickets, including new therapeutic
approaches based on recent guidelines. Management includes close monitoring of growth …

Vitamin D levels in individuals are influenced by environmental factors, as well as genetic
factors. A thorough understanding of these factors is critical for the evaluation and treatment …

As the population is ageing and lifestyle is changing, the prevalence of musculoskeletal
(MSK) disorders is gradually increasing with each passing year, posing a serious threat to …

Using plastic optical fibers (POFs) to channel sunlight for indoor lighting is an emerging
approach for solar energy utilization. In this study, a long focal length mobile dual-axis …

Abstract Background Bone turnover markers (BTMs) have been studied for application in
clinical medicine. However, BTMs in children are challenging, and few studies explore these …

Objective This article explores the theory and utility of a syndemic approach for the study of
disease in the past. Syndemic principles are examined alongside other theoretical …