Since their discovery almost two decades ago, interleukin-17-producing CD4+ T cells (TH17
cells) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple autoimmune and inflammatory …

The interplay between the commensal microbiota and the mammalian immune system
development and function includes multifold interactions in homeostasis and disease. The …

Forty years after its naming, interleukin-1 (IL-1) is experiencing a renaissance brought on by
the growing understanding of its context-dependent roles and advances in the clinic. Recent …

Microorganisms colonize various ecological niches in the human habitat, as they do in
nature. Predominant forms of multicellular communities called biofilms colonize human …

Interleukin (IL)-18 was originally discovered as a factor that enhanced IFN-γ production from
anti-CD3-stimulated Th1 cells, especially in the presence of IL-12. Upon stimulation with Ag …

A fundamental concept in immunology is that the innate immune system initiates or instructs
downstream adaptive immune responses. Inflammasomes are central players in innate …

Throughout the past century, we have seen the emergence of a large number of
multifactorial diseases, including inflammatory, autoimmune, metabolic, neoplastic and …

The microbiota plays a fundamental role in the induction, education, and function of the host
immune system. In return, the host immune system has evolved multiple means by which to …

Laboratory mice, while paramount for understanding basic biological phenomena, are
limited in modeling complex diseases of humans and other free-living mammals. Because …

Microbiota are thought to influence the development and progression of inflammatory bowel
disease (IBD), but determining generalizable effects of microbiota on IBD etiology requires …