Pregnancy is a unique type of immunological process. Healthy pregnancy is associated with
a series of inflammatory events: implantation (inflammation), gestation (anti-inflammation) …

It is clear from Part I of this series that extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a critical role in
maintaining the homeostasis of most, if not all, normal physiological systems. However, the …

For many years, double-layer phospholipid membrane vesicles, released by most cells,
were not considered to be of biological significance. This stance has dramatically changed …

During pregnancy, semiallogeneic fetal extravillous trophoblasts (EVT) invade the uterine
mucosa without being rejected by the maternal immune system. Several mechanisms were …

Metastasis is a pivotal event that accelerates the prognosis of cancer patients towards
mortality. Therapies that aim to induce cell death in metastatic cells require a more detailed …

The differences between males and females begin shortly after birth, continue throughout
prenatal development, and eventually extend into childhood and adult life. Male embryos …

While there is considerable contemporary interest in elucidating the role of placenta-derived
extracellular vesicles in normal and complicated pregnancies and their utility as biomarkers …

Placental trophoblasts form the interface between the fetal and maternal environments and
serve to limit the maternal–fetal spread of viruses. Here we show that cultured primary …

Background Human placenta releases specific nanovesicles (ie exosomes) into the
maternal circulation during pregnancy, however, the presence of placenta-derived …

Studies completed to date provide persuasive evidence that placental cell-derived
exosomes play a significant role in intercellular communication pathways that potentially …