Cytokines are key messengers by which immune cells communicate, and they drive many
physiological processes, including immune and inflammatory responses. Early discoveries …

As inflammation in the brain contributes to several neurological and psychiatric diseases,
the cause of neuroinflammation is being widely studied. The causes of neuroinflammation …

Psychiatric disorders are highly prevalent, often devastating diseases that negatively impact
the lives of millions of people worldwide. Although their etiological and diagnostic …

Depression represents the number one cause of disability worldwide and is often fatal.
Inflammatory processes have been implicated in the pathophysiology of depression. It is …

Some recent clinical and preclinical evidence suggests that neuroinflammation is a key
factor that interacts with the three neurobiological correlates of major depressive disorder …

Interactions between the immune system and the nervous system have been described
mostly in the context of diseases. More recent studies have begun to reveal how certain …

Microglia survey brain parenchyma, responding to injury and infections. Microglia also
respond to systemic disease, but the role of blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity in this …

The crosstalk between the nervous and immune systems has gained increasing attention for
its emerging role in neurological diseases. Radiation-induced brain injury (RIBI) remains the …

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can lead to significant neuropsychiatric problems and
neurodegenerative pathologies, which develop and persist years after injury …

Myriad clinical findings provide links between chronic stressors, inflammation, and mood
disorders. Furthermore, traumatic or chronic exposure to psychological stressors may …