Iron (Fe) is the fourth most abundant element in the earth's crust and plays important roles in
both biological and chemical processes. The redox reactivity of various Fe (II) forms has …

Lead (Pb) toxicity has been a subject of interest for environmental scientists due to its toxic
effect on plants, animals, and humans. An increase in several Pb related industrial activities …

Soils act as sources and sinks for greenhouse gases (GHG) such as carbon dioxide (CO 2),
methane (CH 4), and nitrous oxide (N 2 O). Since both storage and emission capacities may …

Minerals and organic matter (OM) may form intricate associations via myriad interactions. In
soils, the associations of OM with mineral surfaces are mainly investigated because of their …

Cadmium (Cd) toxicity in paddy soil and accumulation in rice plants and grains have got
global concern due to its health effects. This review highlights the effects of soil factors …

Lead (Pb) is the second most toxic heavy metal after arsenic (As), which has no role in
biological systems. Pb toxicity causes a range of damages to plants from germination to …

Paddy soils make up the largest anthropogenic wetlands on earth, and are characterized by
a prominent potential for organic carbon (C) sequestration. By quantifying the plant‐and …

Biochar can reduce both nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions and nitrate (NO 3−) leaching, but
refining biochar's use for estimating these types of losses remains elusive. For example …

Rice paddies account for~ 9% or the world's cropland area and are characterized by
environmental conditions promoting soil organic carbon storage, methane emissions and to …

Cadmium (Cd) contamination in rice fields has been recognized as a severe global agro–
environmental issue. To reach the goal of controlling Cd risk, we must pay more attention …