Itaconate is one of the best examples of the consequences of metabolic reprogramming
during immunity. It is made by diverting aconitate away from the tricarboxylic acid cycle …

Macrophages are heterogeneous cells that play a key role in inflammatory and tissue
reparative responses. Over the past decade it has become clear that shifts in cellular …

Staphylococcus aureus is a prominent human pathogen that readily adapts to host immune
defenses. Here, we show that, in contrast to Gram-negative pathogens, S. aureus induces a …

Work over the last 40 years has described macrophages as a heterogeneous population
that serve as the frontline surveyors of tissue immunity. As a class, macrophages are found …

Bacterial biofilms, enigmatic communities of microorganisms enclosed in an extracellular
matrix, still represent an open challenge in many clinical contexts, including orthopedics …

Itaconic acid (IA), a metabolite generated by the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle in eukaryotic
immune cells, and its derivative dimethyl itaconate (DI) exert antibacterial functions in …

The production of itaconate by macrophages was only discovered in 2011. An increasing
number of studies have since revealed essential biological functions for this small molecule …

Itaconate (ITA) is an emerging powerhouse of innate immunity with therapeutic potential that
is limited in its ability to be administered in a soluble form. A library of polyester materials …

Objective (s): Endometritis is the inflammation of the uterine lining that is associated with
infertility. It affects milk production and reproductive performance and leads to huge …

Itaconate is a dicarboxylic acid that inhibits the isocitrate lyase enzyme of the bacterial
glyoxylate shunt. Activated macrophages have been shown to produce itaconate …