Over the past several decades, messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines have progressed from a
scepticism-inducing idea to clinical reality. In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic catalysed the …

To date, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has determined 399,600,607 cases and 5,757,562 …

Abstract mRNA vaccines represent a promising alternative to conventional vaccine
approaches because of their high potency, capacity for rapid development and potential for …

The intrinsic limits of conventional cancer therapies prompted the development and
application of various nanotechnologies for more effective and safer cancer treatment …

CRISPR–Cas gene editing and messenger RNA-based protein replacement therapy hold
tremendous potential to effectively treat disease-causing mutations with diverse cellular …

ABSTRACT RNA interference (RNAi) is an ancient biological mechanism used to defend
against external invasion. It theoretically can silence any disease-related genes in a …

RNA-based therapeutics have shown great promise in treating a broad spectrum of
diseases through various mechanisms including knockdown of pathological genes …

The complexity, diversity, and heterogeneity of tumors seriously undermine the therapeutic
potential of treatment. Therefore, the current trend in clinical research has gradually shifted …

Rapidly growing interest in using nanoparticles (NPs) for biomedical applications has
increased concerns about their safety and toxicity. In comparison with bulk materials, NPs …

Gene-based therapy is the intentional modulation of gene expression in specific cells to treat
pathological conditions. This modulation is accomplished by introducing exogenous nucleic …