The worldwide decline of coral reefs calls for an urgent reassessment of current
management practices. Confronting large-scale crises requires a major scaling-up of …

The conservation status of 845 zooxanthellate reef-building coral species was assessed by
using International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List Criteria. Of the 704 species …

We report a massive region-wide decline of corals across the entire Caribbean basin, with
the average hard coral cover on reefs being reduced by 80%, from about 50% to 10% cover …

Degradation of coral reef ecosystems began centuries ago, but there is no global summary
of the magnitude of change. We compiled records, extending back thousands of years, of the …

Since the early 1980s, episodes of coral reef bleaching and mortality, due primarily to
climate-induced ocean warming, have occurred almost annually in one or more of the …

Human impacts on the world's oceans have been substantial, leading to concerns about the
extinction of marine taxa. We have compiled 133 local, regional and global extinctions of …

Very little is known about how environmental changes such as increasing temperature affect
disease dynamics in the ocean, especially at large spatial scales. We asked whether the …

This review summarizes recent research in Australia on:(i) climate and geophysical trends
over the last few decades;(ii) projections for climate change in the 21st century;(iii) predicted …

Since the mid-1990s, coral diseases have increased in number, species affected, and
geographic extent. To date, 18 coral diseases, affecting at least 150 scleractinian …

Coral communities are changing rapidly worldwide through loss of coral cover and shifts in
species composition. Although many reef-building corals are likely to decline, some weedy …