Messenger RNA (mRNA) has received great attention in the prevention and treatment of
various diseases due to the success of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) mRNA …

The therapeutic use of messenger RNA (mRNA) has fueled great hope to combat a wide
range of incurable diseases. Recent rapid advances in biotechnology and molecular …

Messenger RNA (mRNA) has emerged as a new category of therapeutic agent to prevent
and treat various diseases. To function in vivo, mRNA requires safe, effective and stable …

Abstract mRNA-based drugs have tremendous potential as clinical treatments, however, a
major challenge in realizing this drug class will promise to develop methods for safely …

Over the past several decades, mRNA vaccines have evolved from a theoretical concept to a
clinical reality. These vaccines offer several advantages over traditional vaccine techniques …

Macrophages infiltrating tumour tissues or residing in the microenvironment of solid tumours
are known as tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs). These specialized immune cells …

Circular RNAs (circRNA) represent a distinct class of covalently closed-loop RNA molecules,
which play diverse roles in regulating biological processes and disease states. The …

In situ cancer vaccination refers to any approach that exploits tumour antigens available at a
tumour site to induce tumour-specific adaptive immune responses. These approaches hold …

Messenger RNA (mRNA)-based therapeutics hold the potential to cause a major revolution
in the pharmaceutical industry because they can be used for precise and individualized …

Local immunotherapy ideally stimulates immune responses against tumors while avoiding
toxicities associated with systemic administration. Current strategies for tumor-targeted …