In eukaryotic cells, protein sorting is a highly regulated mechanism important for many
physiological events. After synthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum and trafficking to the Golgi …

Plant vacuoles are multifunctional organelles. On the one hand, most vegetative tissues
develop lytic vacuoles that have a role in degradation. On the other hand, seed cells have …

In eukaryotes, clathrin-coated vesicles (CCVs) facilitate the internalization of material from
the cell surface as well as the movement of cargo in post-Golgi trafficking pathways. This …

The plant trans-Golgi network (TGN) is a central trafficking hub where secretory, vacuolar,
recycling, and endocytic pathways merge. Among currently known molecular players …

Adaptor protein (AP) complexes play critical roles in protein sorting among different post-
Golgi pathways by recognizing specific cargo protein motifs. Among the five AP complexes …

Membrane proteins on the tonoplast are indispensible for vacuolar functions in plants.
However, how these proteins are transported to the vacuole and how they become …

Boron (B) is essential for plants but toxic in excess. The borate efflux transporter BOR1 is
expressed in various root cells and localized to the inner/stele-side domain of the plasma …

Aquaporins are small channel proteins which facilitate the diffusion of water and small
neutral molecules across biological membranes. Compared with animals, plant genomes …

Approximately one-third of all eukaryotic proteins are delivered to their destination by
trafficking within the endomembrane system. Such cargo proteins are incorporated into …

To prevent their being released to the cell exterior, acid hydrolases are recognized by
receptors at some point in the secretory pathway and diverted towards the lytic compartment …