The transition from normal to chronic pain is believed to involve alterations in several brain
areas that participate in the perception of pain. These plastic changes are then responsible …

Social behaviors, how individuals act cooperatively and competitively with conspecifics, are
widely seen across species. Rodents display various social behaviors, and many different …

Visceral and somatic pain serve as protective mechanisms against external threats.
Accumulated evidence has confirmed that the paraventricular hypothalamus (PVH) plays an …

Empathic function is essential for the well-being of social species. Empathy loss is
associated with various brain disorders and represents arguably the most distressing feature …

Chronic pain is a frequent, distressing and poorly understood health problem. Plasticity of
synaptic transmission in the nociceptive pathways after inflammation or injury is assumed to …

Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) have been identified as a noteworthy paracrine
mechanism of intercellular communication in diagnosing and managing neurological …

Pain is driven by sensation and emotion, and in turn, it motivates decisions and actions. To
fully appreciate the multidimensional nature of pain, we formulate the study of pain within a …

The individuals often show consolation to distressed companions or show aggression to the
intruders. The circuit mechanisms underlying switching between consolation and …

Fear learning is a critical feature of survival skills among mammals. In rodents, fear learning
manifests itself through direct experience of the aversive event or social transmission of …

It is known that humans and rodents are capable of transmitting stress to their naive partners
via social interaction. However, a comprehensive understanding of transmitted stress, which …