Two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted tremendous interest ever since the isolation
of atomically thin sheets of graphene in 2004 due to the specific and versatile properties of …

Early human life is considered a critical window of susceptibility to external exposures.
Infants are exposed to a multitude of environmental factors, collectively referred to as the …

Human placental villi have essential roles in producing hormones, mediating nutrient and
waste exchange, and protecting the fetus from exposure to xenobiotics. Human trophoblast …

Abstract Blood‐brain‐barrier (BBB) disruption has been associated with a variety of central‐
nervous‐system diseases. In vitro BBB models enable to investigate how the barrier reacts …

Comprehensively understanding the female reproductive system is crucial for safeguarding
fertility and preventing diseases concerning women's health. With the capacity to simulate …

Quantification of fetal drug exposure remains challenging since sampling from the placenta
or fetus during pregnancy is too invasive. Currently existing in vivo (eg, cord blood sampling) …

Porous membranes play a critical role in in vitro heterogeneous cell coculture systems
because they recapitulate the in vivo microenvironment to mediate physical and biochemical …

In conventional assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs), oocytes are in vitro cultured in
static conditions. Instead, dynamic systems could better mimic the physiological in vivo …

Modeling preeclampsia remains difficult due to the nature of the disease and the unique
characteristics of the human placenta. Members of the Hominidae superfamily have a villous …

Introduction Organ-on-a-chip (OOC) models are based on microfluidics and can recapitulate
the healthy and diseased microstructure of organs1 and tissues and the dynamic …