The pulmonary circulation is a low-resistance, low-pressure, and high-compliance system
that allows the lungs to receive the entire cardiac output. Pulmonary arterial pressure is a …

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a serious disease characterized by various degrees of
pulmonary vasoconstriction and progressive fibroproliferative remodeling and inflammation …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) derived from NADPH oxidase (NOX) and mitochondria play
a critical role in growth factor-induced switch from a quiescent to an angiogenic phenotype …

Pulmonary vascular remodeling characterized by concentric wall thickening and intraluminal
obliteration is a major contributor to the elevated pulmonary vascular resistance in patients …

The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a class CG protein–coupled receptor that responds
to multiple endogenous agonists and allosteric modulators, including divalent and trivalent …

Airway structure and function are key aspects of normal lung development, growth, and
aging, as well as of lung responses to the environment and the pathophysiology of important …

Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a fatal and progressive disease.
Sustained vasoconstriction due to pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell (PASMC) …

Pulmonary hypertension describes a heterogeneous disease defined by increased
pulmonary artery pressures, and progressive increase in pulmonary vascular resistance due …

Concentric pulmonary vascular wall thickening due partially to increased pulmonary artery
(PA) smooth muscle cell (PASMC) proliferation contributes to elevating pulmonary vascular …

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive and fatal disease without a cure.
The exact pathogenic mechanisms of PAH are complex and poorly understood, yet a …