Although responses are sometimes easy to predict, at other times responding seems highly
variable, unpredictable, or even random. The inability to predict is generally attributed to …

Although reinforcement often leads to repetitive, even stereotyped responding, that is not a
necessary outcome. When it depends on variations, reinforcement results in responding that …

Using a consistent Skinnerian perspective, Behavior Analysis and Learning: A
Biobehavioral Approach, Sixth Edition provides an advanced introduction to the principles of …

Variability has been shown to be a reinforceable dimension of behavior. One procedure that
has been demonstrated to increase variability in basic research is the lag reinforcement …

Some studies have found that extinction leaves response structures unaltered; others have
found that response variability is increased. Responding by Long-Evans rats was …

Researchers began studying multiple schedules in basic laboratories, but recent advances
have extended research on multiple schedules to a wide variety of socially significant …

Five adolescents with autism, 5 adult control participants, and 4 child controls received
rewards for varying their sequences of responses while playing a computer game. In …

Reinforcement of variability may help to explain operant learning. Three groups of rats were
reinforced, in different phases, whenever the following target sequences of left (L) and right …

We compared two sources of behavior variability: decreased levels of reinforcement and
reinforcement contingent on variability itself. In Experiment 1, four groups of rats were …

Restricted and repetitive behavior is a diagnostic characteristic of autism spectrum disorder
(ASD). To the extent that the behavior of individuals with ASD can be conceptualized as …