The year 2021 marks the centennial of Banting and Best's landmark description of the
discovery of insulin. This discovery and insulin's rapid clinical deployment effectively …

Kidney size and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) often increase with the onset of diabetes,
and elevated GFR is a risk factor for the development of diabetic kidney disease …

Abstract Sodium/glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are a new type of glucose-
lowering drug that can reduce blood glucose by inhibiting its reabsorption in proximal …

The worldwide prevalence of metabolic diseases such as obesity, metabolic syndrome and
type 2 diabetes shows an upward trend in recent decades. A characteristic feature of these …

Abstract Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus has reached epidemic proportions as a result of over-
nutrition and increasingly sedentary lifestyles. Current therapies, although effective, are not …

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the primary cause of chronic kidney disease around the
globe and is one of the main complications in patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes. The …

Diabetic cardiomyopathy is one of the major mortality risk factors among diabetic patients
worldwide. It has been established that most of the cardiac structural and functional …

Given that the increase in the aging population has grown into one of the largest public
health issues, inflammation and oxidative stress, which are closely associated with the aging …

The kidneys filter large amounts of glucose. To prevent the loss of this valuable fuel, the
tubular system of the kidney, particularly the proximal tubule, has been programmed to …

Context Cardiovascular benefits of empagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
(T2DM) have been reported; however, the underlying mechanism remains unknown …