Proteins generally must fold into precise three-dimensional conformations to fulfill their
biological functions. In the cell, this fundamental process is aided by molecular chaperones …

Heat-shock regulation of bacteria functions with the release of a set of heat-shock proteins to
replace rapidly damaged proteins. Sigma-32 essential for cell growth at high temperature is …

An abundant chloroplast protein is implicated in the assembly of the oligomeric enzyme
ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase, which catalyses photosynthetic CO2-fixation …

We have compiled and analyzed 263 promoters vith known transcriptional start points for E.
coll genes. Promoter elements (-35 hexamer,-10 hexamer, and spacing between these …

The products of the groES and groEL genes of Escherichia coli, constituting the groE
operon, are known to be required for growth at high temperature (42 degrees C) and are …

When exponentially growing Escherichia coli cell cultures were transferred from 37 degrees
C to 10 degrees C or 15 degrees C, the production of a 7.4-kDa cytoplasmic protein (CS7. 4) …

Assembly of foreign prokaryotic ribulose bisphosphate carboxylases (Rubiscos) in
Escherichia coli requires both heat-shock proteins groEL and groES. GroEL is related to a …

Cells subjected to a heat shock, or a variety of other stresses, increase the synthesis of a set
of proteins, known as heat shockproteins1–3. This response is apparently universal …

The rpoH gene of Escherichia coli encodes sigma 32, the 32-kD sigma-factor responsible for
the heat-inducible transcription of the heat shock genes. rpoH is transcribed from at least …

The heat-shock response (HSR), a universal cellular response to heat, is crucial for cellular
adaptation. In Escherichia coli, the HSR is mediated by the alternative σ factor, σ32. To …