Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are considered to be among the most important scientific
domains. Yet, the exploitation of WSNs suffers from the severe energy restrictions of their …

Abstract Magnetic Induction (MI) based Wireless underground sensor networks (WUSNs)
consist of magnetic-antenna sensors that are buried in and communicate through soil …

Extended battery lifetime is always desirable for wireless underground sensor networks
(WUSNs). The recent integration of LoRaWAN-grade massive machine-type …

Internet of underground things (IoUTs) and wireless underground sensor networks (WUSNs)
are new technologies particularly relevant in agriculture to measure and transmit …

Wireless Underground Sensor Networks (WUGSNs) transmit data collected from
underground objects such as water substances, oil substances, soil contents, and others. In …

Wireless Underground Sensor Networks (WUSNs) that collect geospatial in situ sensor data
are a backbone of internet-of-things (IoT) applications for agriculture and terrestrial ecology …

ABSTRACT A diversity of organisms live within underground environments. However,
visualizing subterranean behavior is challenging because of the opacity of most substrates …

With the rapid development of 5G technology, studying its evolution path is crucial for
innovation and development. This study explores the evolution of 5G technology using …

Drinking water is becoming increasingly scarce as the world's population grows and climate
change continues. However, there is great potential to improve drinking water pipelines, as …

With the continuous expansion of human interaction with the underground space, the
observation of underground environment (eg soil moisture) and underground infrastructure …