Most elementary behaviors such as moving the arm to grasp an object or walking into the
next room to explore a museum evolve on the time scale of seconds; in contrast, neuronal …

We often assume that the variables of functional and structural brain parameters—such as
synaptic weights, the firing rates of individual neurons, the synchronous discharge of neural …

What happens in our brain when we make a decision? What triggers a neuron to send out a
signal? What is the neural code? This textbook for advanced undergraduate and beginning …

The explosion of “big data” applications imposes severe challenges of speed and scalability
on traditional computer systems. As the performance of traditional Von Neumann machines …

Computers have undergone tremendous improvements in performance over the last 60
years, but those improvements have significantly slowed down over the last decade, owing …

Synchronous rhythms represent a core mechanism for sculpting temporal coordination of
neural activity in the brain-wide network. This review focuses on oscillations in the cerebral …

Neurons in the brain communicate by short electrical pulses, the so-called action potentials
or spikes. How can we understand the process of spike generation? How can we …

In this paper we review several ways of realizing asynchronous Spike-Timing-Dependent-
Plasticity (STDP) using memristors as synapses. Our focus is on how to use individual …

Synaptic plasticity provides the basis for most models of learning, memory and development
in neural circuits. To generate realistic results, synapse-specific Hebbian forms of plasticity …

Biological intelligence processes information using impulses or spikes, which makes those
living creatures able to perceive and act in the real world exceptionally well and outperform …