The exploration of the universe has recently entered a new era thanks to the multi-
messenger paradigm, characterized by a continuous increase in the quantity and quality of …

High-energy cosmic rays are observed indirectly by detecting the extensive air showers
initiated in Earth's atmosphere. The interpretation of these observations relies on accurate …

The origin of high-energy cosmic rays, atomic nuclei that continuously impact Earth's
atmosphere, is unknown. Because of deflection by interstellar magnetic fields, cosmic rays …

High energy collisions at the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (LHC) produce a large
number of particles along the beam collision axis, outside of the acceptance of existing LHC …

A supermassive black hole, obscured by cosmic dust, powers the nearby active galaxy NGC
1068. Neutrinos, which rarely interact with matter, could provide information on the galaxy's …

The observation of electromagnetic radiation from radio to γ-ray wavelengths has provided a
wealth of information about the Universe. However, at PeV (10 15 eV) energies and above …

We present a measurement of the high-energy astrophysical muon–neutrino flux with the
IceCube Neutrino Observatory. The measurement uses a high-purity selection of650k …

The IceCube Neutrino Observatory has established the existence of a high-energy all-sky
neutrino flux of astrophysical origin. This discovery was made using events interacting within …

Tidal disruption events (TDEs) are bursts of electromagnetic energy that are released when
supermassive black holes at the centres of galaxies violently disrupt a star that passes too …

The Glashow resonance describes the resonant formation of a W− boson during the
interaction of a high-energy electron antineutrino with an electron, peaking at an …