Climate tip** elements are large-scale subsystems of the Earth that may transgress critical
thresholds (tip** points) under ongoing global warming, with substantial impacts on the …

Due to their outstanding resolution and well-constrained chronologies, Greenland ice-core
records provide a master record of past climatic changes throughout the Last Interglacial …

The Holocene is probably the most intensively studied series/epoch within the geological
record, and embodies a wide array of geomorphological, climatic, biotic and archaeological …

The reasons for concern framework communicates scientific understanding about risks in
relation to varying levels of climate change. The framework, now a cornerstone of the IPCC …

The Holocene, which currently spans~ 11 700 years, is the shortest series/epoch within the
geological time scale (GTS), yet it contains a rich archive of evidence in stratigraphical …

The topics assessed in this chapter were last assessed by the IPCC in 2007, principally in
WGII AR4 Chapters 3 (Kundzewicz et al., 2007) and 4 (Fischlin et al., 2007), but also in WGII …

BACKGROUND Effects of recent global warming have been documented in every biome on
Earth. Safeguarding biodiversity and ecosystem services against future impacts requires …

Abstract The Laacher See eruption (LSE) in Germany ranks among Europe's largest
volcanic events of the Upper Pleistocene,. Although tephra deposits of the LSE represent an …

Terrestrial ecosystems have encountered substantial warming over the past century, with
temperatures increasing about twice as rapidly over land as over the oceans. Here, we …

Genetic diversity provides the basic substrate for evolution, yet few studies assess the
impacts of global climate change (GCC) on intraspecific genetic variation. In this review, we …