The global H5N1 influenza panzootic in mammals

TP Peacock, L Moncla, G Dudas, D VanInsberghe… - Nature, 2025 - nature.com
Influenza A viruses have caused more documented global pandemics in human history than
any other pathogen,. High pathogenicity avian influenza viruses belonging to the H5N1 …

A human isolate of bovine H5N1 is transmissible and lethal in animal models

C Gu, T Maemura, L Guan, AJ Eisfeld, A Biswas… - Nature, 2024 - nature.com
Abstract The outbreak of clade 2.3. 4.4 b highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses of the
H5N1 subtype (HPAI H5N1) in dairy cattle in the USA has so far resulted in spillover …

Avian influenza A (H5N1) virus in dairy cattle: origin, evolution, and cross-species transmission

A Mostafa, MM Naguib, A Nogales, RS Barre… - Mbio, 2024 - journals.asm.org
Since the emergence of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) H5N1 of clade 2.3.
4.4 b as a novel reassortant virus from subtype H5N8, the virus has led to a massive number …

A single mutation in bovine influenza H5N1 hemagglutinin switches specificity to human receptors

TH Lin, X Zhu, S Wang, D Zhang, R McBride, W Yu… - Science, 2024 - science.org
In 2024, several human infections with highly pathogenic clade 2.3. 4.4 b bovine influenza
H5N1 viruses in the United States raised concerns about their capability for bovine-to …

The mammary glands of cows abundantly display receptors for circulating avian H5 viruses

M Ríos Carrasco, A Gröne, JMA van den Brand… - Journal of …, 2024 - journals.asm.org
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) from the H5N1 2.3. 4.4 b clade are circulating in dairy farms in the
USA.; ruminants were presumed not to be hosts for IAVs. Previously, IAV-positive …

Transmission of a human isolate of clade 2.3. 4.4 b A (H5N1) virus in ferrets

JA Pulit-Penaloza, JA Belser, N Brock, TJ Kieran… - Nature, 2024 - nature.com
Since 2020, there has been unprecedented global spread of highly pathogenic avian
influenza A (H5N1) in wild bird populations with spillover into a variety of mammalian …

Avian influenza overview March–June 2024

European Food Safety Authority… - EFSA …, 2024 - Wiley Online Library
Abstract Between 16 March and 14 June 2024, 42 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI)
A (H5) virus detections were reported in domestic (15) and wild (27) birds across 13 …

Bovine H5N1 influenza virus binds poorly to human-type sialic acid receptors

JJS Santos, S Wang, R McBride, Y Zhao, JC Paulson… - …, 2024 - pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Clade 2.3. 4.4 b highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza (HPAI) viruses started circulating
widely in lactating dairy cattle in the United States at the end of 2023. Avian influenza …

Avian influenza overview June–September 2024

… Food Safety Authority, European Centre for … - EFSA …, 2024 - Wiley Online Library
Abstract Between 15 June and 20 September 2024, 75 highly pathogenic avian influenza
(HPAI) A (H5) and A (H7) virus detections were reported in domestic (16) and wild (59) birds …

Receptor binding, structure, and tissue tropism of cattle-infecting H5N1 avian influenza virus hemagglutinin

H Song, T Hao, P Han, H Wang, X Zhang, X Li, Y Wang… - Cell, 2025 - cell.com
The ongoing circulation of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A (H5N1) viruses,
particularly clade 2.3. 4.4 b strains, poses a significant threat to animal and public health …