IL-6 is involved both in immune responses and in inflammation, hematopoiesis, bone
metabolism and embryonic development. IL-6 plays roles in chronic inflammation (closely …

IL-17 cytokine family members have diverse biological functions, promoting protective
immunity against many pathogens but also driving inflammatory pathology during infection …

Interleukin-23 (IL-23) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine composed of two subunits, IL-23A (p19)
and IL-12/23B (p40), the latter shared with Interleukin-12 (IL-12). IL-23 is mainly produced …

The IL-6 family of cytokines consists of IL-6, IL-11, IL-27, IL-31, oncostatin M (OSM),
leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF), ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), cardiotrophin 1 (CT-1) …

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that is
activated by small molecules provided by the diet, microorganisms, metabolism, and …

Toxoplasma gondii is known to infect a considerable number of mammalian and avian
species and a substantial proportion of the world's human population. The parasite has an …

The discovery of interleukin (IL)-6 and its receptor subunits provided a foundation to
understand the biology of a group of related cytokines: IL-12, IL-23, and IL-27. These family …

Cytokine signaling represents one of the cornerstones of the immune system, mediating the
complex responses required to facilitate appropriate immune cell development and function …

Abstract Interleukin 6 (IL-6) has a broad effect on cells of the immune system and those not
of the immune system and often displays hormone-like characteristics that affect homeostatic …

The evolution of macrophages has made them primordial for both development and
immunity. Their functions range from the sha** of body plans to the ingestion and …