Phenotypic plasticity is ubiquitous and generally regarded as a key mechanism for enabling
organisms to survive in the face of environmental change. Because no organism is infinitely …

Ecological risk assessment (ERA) is the process used to evaluate the safety of manufactured
chemicals to the environment. Here we review the pros and cons of ERA across levels of …

Global change confronts organisms with multiple stressors causing nonadditive effects.
Persistent stress, however, leads to adaptation and related trade-offs. The question arises …

Organisms around the globe are experiencing novel environments created by human
activities. One such disturbance of growing concern is the salinization of freshwater habitats …

The exceptional thermal and chemical stability and the amphiphilicity of per-and
polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have resulted in widespread use and subsequent …

A growing number of biologists have begun asking whether environmentally induced
phenotypic change––'phenotypic plasticity'––precedes and facilitates the origin and …

This review summarizes the role of environmental factors on amphibian microbiotas at the
organismal, population, community, ecosystem, and biosphere levels. At the organismal …

The selective advantage of chemical defenses is evident by its occurrence in many groups
of organisms. Toxic and unpalatable substances are often employed by organisms to avoid …

Some populations will cope with human-induced environmental change, and others will
undergo extirpation; understanding the mechanisms that underlie these responses is key to …

Recent discoveries have documented evolutionary responses to freshwater salinization. We
investigated if evolutionary responses to salinization exhibit life-history trade-offs or if they …