Climate change has exacerbated the effects of abiotic stresses on plant growth and
productivity. Drought is one of the most important abiotic stress factors that interfere with …

Soil salinization is an essential environmental stressor, threatening agricultural yield and
ecological security worldwide. Saline soils accumulate excessive soluble salts which are …

Water, a necessary component of cell protoplasm, plays an essential role in supporting life
on Earth; nevertheless, extreme changes in climatic conditions limit water availability …

Global climate change is predicted to result in increased yield losses of agricultural crops
caused by environmental conditions. In particular, heat and drought stress are major factors …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS, partial reduction or derivatives of free radicals) are highly
reactive, dangerous and can cause oxidative cell death. In addition to their role as toxic by …

Salt stress is one of the significant environmental stressors that severely affects plant growth
and development. Plant responses to salt stress involve a series of biological mechanisms …

Excess soil salinity affects large regions of land and is a major hindrance to crop production
worldwide. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms of plant salt tolerance has …

Global climate change is identified as a major threat to survival of natural ecosystems.
Climate change is a dynamic, multifaceted system of alterations in environmental conditions …

In agro-ecosystem, plant pathogens hamper food quality, crop yield, and global food
security. Manipulation of naturally occurring defense mechanisms in host plants is an …

Salinized land is slowly spreading across the world. Reduced crop yields and quality due to
salt stress threaten the ability to feed a growing population. We discussed the mechanisms …