The ability to extinguish fear responses to stimuli that no longer predict danger is critical for
adaptive behavior and increases the likelihood of survival. During fear extinction, dopamine …

Animals can learn about sources of danger while minimizing their own risk by observing
how others respond to threats. However, the distinct neural mechanisms by which threats …

The basolateral amygdala plays pivotal roles in the regulation of fear and anxiety and these
processes are profoundly modulated by different neuromodulatory systems that are recruited …

Targeting the endocannabinoid (eCB) signaling system for pain relief is an important
treatment option that is only now beginning to be mechanistically explored. In this review, we …

Chronic stress is a major risk factor for psychiatric disorders, including depression. Although
depression is a highly heterogeneous syndrome, it remains unclear how chronic stress …

Stress induces aversive memory overgeneralization, a hallmark of many psychiatric
disorders. Memories are encoded by a sparse ensemble of neurons active during an event …

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized by hypermnesia of the trauma and a
persistent fear response. The molecular mechanisms underlying the retention of traumatic …

Brain circuits between medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and amygdala have been implicated
in cortical control of emotion, especially anxiety. Studies in recent years focus on differential …

The absence of a comprehensive understanding of the neural basis of spontaneous pain
limits the development of therapeutic strategies targeting this primary complaint of patients …

Cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive compound derived from the cannabis plant, has
been extensively studied for its potential therapeutic effects on various central nervous …