Sepsis has been identified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a global health
priority. There has been a tremendous effort to decipher underlying mechanisms …

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is known as a pivotal cellular energy sensor,
mediating the adaptation to low energy levels by deactivating anabolic processes and …

Development of organ dysfunction is the most important clinical event during sepsis, as it
directly relates to mortality and morbidity. Although the new definition of sepsis captures this …

Purpose To analyze the relationship between hypercapnia develo** within the first 48 h
after the start of mechanical ventilation and outcome in patients with acute respiratory …

Mitochondria are an essential part of the cellular infrastructure, being the primary site for
high-energy adenosine triphosphate production through oxidative phosphorylation. Clearly …

In this review we summarize recent major advances in our understanding on the molecular
mechanisms, mediators, and biomarkers of acute lung injury (ALI) and alveolar-capillary …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive respiratory disorder that
may lead to gas exchange abnormalities, including hypercapnia. Chronic hypercapnia is an …

Elevated CO 2 concentrations (hypercapnia) occur in patients with severe lung diseases.
Here, we provide evidence that high CO 2 levels decrease O 2 consumption and ATP …

Skeletal muscle contains one of the largest and the most dynamic pools of Na, K-ATPase
(NKA) in the body. Under resting conditions, NKA in skeletal muscle operates at only a …

To maintain cellular ATP levels, hypoxia leads to Na, K-ATPase inhibition in a process
dependent on reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the activation of AMP-activated kinase α1 …