Chromium has long been recognized as a toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic metal. It is
toxic to microorganism, plants, animals and humans. Chromium exists in environment in two …

The largest known platinum group metal (PGM) deposit in the world is the Bushveld
Complex in South Africa, with the Great Dyke in Zimbabwe also being one of the biggest. It is …

Increasingly stringent environmental regulations and industry adoption of waste
minimization guidelines have thus, stimulated the need for the development of recycling and …

Abstract The Bushveld Complex is well-known for its large proportion of the world's platinum
and palladium resources. There are three very different ore bodies, the Merensky Reef, the …

This paper presents data on nickel sul-fide smelting collected by the authors as part of a
worldwide TMS nickel smelter survey. Nickel laterite smelting was the subject of another …

The book details sources of thermal energy, methods of capture, and applications. It
describes the basics of thermal energy, including measuring thermal energy, laws of …

The extraction technology for platinum-group metals (PGMs) has changed dramatically in
the last 80 years, and the changes are likely to continue for years to come. This article will …

The decomposition of chromite ore in platinum group metal (PGM) concentrates and the
further partitioning of chromium between PGM matte and gangue were investigated under …

Bio-oil from fast pyrolysis of biomass requires multi-stage catalytic hydroprocessing to
produce hydrocarbon drop-in fuels. One process design currently in development involves …

Slags are a by-product in extractive pyrometallurgical operations that have been considered
as an environmental contaminant, an inert material, and a valuable resource. Historically …