Anthropogenic climate change is decreasing seasonal snowpacks globally, with potentially
catastrophic consequences on water resources, given the long-held reliance on snowpack …

The land surface is a key component of climate models. It controls the partitioning of
available energy at the surface between sensible and latent heat, and it controls the …

The projected loss of soil carbon to the atmosphere resulting from climate change is a
potentially large but highly uncertain feedback to warming. The magnitude of this feedback …

In situ measurements of soil moisture are invaluable for calibrating and validating land
surface models and satellite-based soil moisture retrievals. In addition, long-term time series …

SURFEX is a new externalized land and ocean surface platform that describes the surface
fluxes and the evolution of four types of surfaces: nature, town, inland water and ocean. It is …

We present the impact tests that preceded the most recent operational upgrades to the land
surface model used in the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) mesoscale …

This chapter assesses the capacity of the global climate models used elsewhere in this
report for projecting future climate change. Confidence in model estimates of future climate …

The findings of hydrological modeling studies depend on which model was used. Although
hydrological model selection is a crucial step, experience suggests that hydrologists tend to …

Results are presented from the multi‐institution partnership to develop a real‐time and
retrospective North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS). NLDAS consists of …

The Common Land Model (CLM) was developed for community use by a grassroots
collaboration of scientists who have an interest in making a general land model available for …