Earlier models of integrated pest management (IPM) focused on ecological aspects of pest
management. With the recent developments in agricultural technology, modern …

Summary 1 It is not always possible to track trophic interactions between predators and prey
by direct observation. This is especially true when observing small or elusive animals with …

Coccinellids and aphids interact in a wide range of agricultural and forest habitats and the
value of coccinellid predation for aphid suppression in these systems varies from a minor …

The planting of transgenic crops expressing Bacillus thuringiensis endotoxins is widespread
throughout the world; the prolific increase in their application exposes nontarget organisms …

Predation on lepidopteran eggs in soybean and corn and the temporal partitioning of
predation among the predator species were examined in soybean Glycine max (L.) and …

Natural enemy exploitation of food resources and alternative hosts in noncrop vegetation
has been shown to be an effective means of enhancing natural enemy populations in …

Management of corn earworm Helicoverpa zea in sweet corn grown for processing can be
challenging due to the lack of effective transgenic and chemical control options. However …

Conservation-(habitat management) and augmentative biological control (field releases of
natural enemies) are important pest biological control methods in agricultural systems …

Trap crop** is an environmentally friendly “alternative” pest management strategy. To
maximize the efficiency of corn, Zea mays L.(Poaceae), as a trap crop for Helicoverpa zea …

The Reduviidae are members of the suborder Heteroptera of the order Hemiptera.
Reduviids (Insecta, Hemiptera, Reduviidae) are general, polyphagous predatory insect and …