Futile cycles are biological phenomena where two opposing biochemical reactions run
simultaneously, resulting in a net energy loss without appreciable productivity. Such a state …

Although the development of mitochondrial therapies has largely focused on diseases
caused by mutations in mitochondrial DNA or in nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial …

Mitochondria generate heat due to H+ leak (IH) across their inner membrane. IH results from
the action of long-chain fatty acids on uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in brown fat,,,–and …

New appetite‐regulating antiobesity treatments such as semaglutide and agents under
investigation such as tirzepatide show promise in achieving weight loss of 15% or more …

Introducing novel strategies, concepts, and technologies that speed up drug discovery and
the drug development cycle is of great importance both in the highly competitive …

Mitochondrial respiration results in an electrochemical proton gradient, or protonmotive force
(pmf), across the mitochondrial inner membrane. The pmf is a form of potential energy …

Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is a regulated cell death (RCD) pathway. In response to
physical and chemical signals, tumor cells activate specific signaling pathways that stimulate …

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is rapidly becoming the most common cause of
fatal liver diseases such as cirrhosis, liver cancer, and indications for orthotopic liver …

Obesity is a health problem affecting more than 40% of US adults and 13% of the global
population. Anti-obesity treatments including diet, exercise, surgery and pharmacotherapies …

Sepsis pathogenesis is complex and heterogeneous; hence, a precision-medicine strategy
is needed. Acute kidney injury (AKI) following sepsis portends higher mortality …