Polyploidy has been hypothesized to be both an evolutionary dead-end and a source for
evolutionary innovation and species diversification. Although polyploid organisms …

Polyploidy is a dominant feature of extant plant diversity. However, major research
questions, including whether polyploidy is important to long‐term evolution or is just …

Horse chestnut (Aesculus chinensis) is an important medicinal tree that contains various
bioactive compounds, such as aescin, barrigenol-type triterpenoid saponins (BAT), and …

Lungfishes belong to lobe-fined fish (Sarcopterygii) that, in the Devonian
period,'conquered'the land and ultimately gave rise to all land vertebrates, including …

The importance of whole-genome duplication (WGD) for evolution is controversial. Whereas
some view WGD mainly as detrimental and an evolutionary dead end, there is growing …

All extant core-eudicot plants share a common ancestral genome that has experienced
cyclic polyploidizations and (re) diploidizations. Reshuffling of the ancestral core-eudicot …

Aristolochia, a genus in the magnoliid order Piperales, has been famous for centuries for its
highly specialized flowers and wide medicinal applications. Here, we present a new, high …

Background Homoeologs are defined as homologous genes resulting from allopolyploidy.
Bread wheat, Triticum aestivum, is an allohexaploid species with many homoeologs …

The occurrence of whole-genome duplication or polyploidy may promote plant adaptability
to harsh environments. Here, we clarify the evolutionary relationship of eight GhCIPK6 …

We present a unifying theory to explain cancer recurrence, therapeutic resistance, and
lethality. The basis of this theory is the formation of simultaneously polyploid and aneuploid …