Active fluids exhibit spontaneous flows with complex spatiotemporal structure, which have
been observed in bacterial suspensions, sperm cells, cytoskeletal suspensions, self …

Active matter extracts energy from its surroundings at the single particle level and transforms
it into mechanical work. Examples include cytoskeleton biopolymers and bacterial …

Plasticity of cancer invasion and metastasis depends on the ability of cancer cells to switch
between collective and single-cell dissemination, controlled by cadherin-mediated cell–cell …

In active matter systems, individual constituents convert energy into non-conservative forces
or motion at the microscale, leading to morphological features and transport properties that …

Collective cell migration is a key driver of embryonic development, wound healing, and
some types of cancer invasion. Here, we provide a physical perspective of the mechanisms …

Various types of structures self-organised by animals exist in nature, such as bird flocks and
insect swarms, which stem from the local communications of vast numbers of limited …

Activity and autonomous motion are fundamental in living and engineering systems. This
has stimulated the new field of'active matter'in recent years, which focuses on the physical …

Active materials are capable of converting free energy into mechanical work to produce
autonomous motion, and exhibit striking collective dynamics that biology relies on for …

Liquid crystals (LCs) are ubiquitous in display technologies. The orientational ordering in the
nematic phase of LCs gives rise to structural anisotropy, the ability to form topological …

The past decade has witnessed a rapid growth in understanding of the pivotal roles of
mechanical stresses and physical forces in cell biology. As a result, an integrated view of …