Multidimensional analyses have demonstrated the presence of a unique tumor
microenvironment (TME) in liver cancer. Tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) are …

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in
the world. Metabolic reprogramming is considered a new hallmark of cancer, but it remains …

Regulatory T (Treg) cells play a vital role in maintaining the immunosuppressive tumor
microenvironment. Lactate is a crucial metabolite in cancer and is related to tumor …

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive disease with a poor clinical outcome. The
cancer stem cell (CSC) model states that tumour growth is powered by a subset of tumour …

Protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) are a class of proteins with tyrosine kinase activity that
phosphorylate tyrosine residues of critical molecules in signaling pathways. Their basal …

Exosomes have a crucial role in intercellular communication and mediate interactions
between tumor cells and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Exosome-encapsulated …

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are prominent components of the microenvironment in
most types of solid tumors, and were shown to facilitate cancer progression by supporting …

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignancy, and the hepatitis B virus (HBV) is
its major pathogenic factor. Over the past decades, it has been confirmed that HBV infection …

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a morbid condition for which surgical and ablative
therapy are the only options for cure. Nonetheless, over half of patients treated with an R0 …

Almost all patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a major type of primary liver
cancer, also have liver cirrhosis, the severity of which hampers effective treatment for HCC …